When you’re unwell or simply trying to look after yourself, you’ll come across many different approaches. Conventional Western medicine, based on scientific research and clinical trials, sits alongside a wide range of complementary and alternative practices, from acupuncture and herbal remedies to massage and meditation.

It can be confusing to know what to trust. Rather than seeing these approaches as rivals, it can help to understand what each offers and how to make choices safely.

Conventional medicine

Conventional medicine is grounded in research, testing and regulation. It’s especially strong at diagnosing illness, treating infections, managing serious and long-term conditions, handling emergencies and performing surgery.

Some people feel it can sometimes focus more on treating symptoms than on the whole person, and appointments can feel rushed. Medicines can also have side effects.

Complementary and alternative approaches

Complementary approaches are used alongside conventional medicine, while alternative approaches are used instead of it. They include practices such as acupuncture, massage, yoga, meditation, herbal medicine and Traditional Chinese Medicine.

Many people value these approaches for their focus on the whole person, relaxation and wellbeing. Some, such as massage, yoga and meditation, have research suggesting they may help with things like stress and comfort. For others, the evidence is limited or mixed. Some herbal remedies can interact with medicines or cause side effects.

Making safe choices

  • Let your existing care know what you’re trying. Share any complementary treatments, herbs or supplements you use.
  • Keep taking prescribed treatment. Rather than stopping or swapping a medicine on your own, let your existing care know what you’d like to change.
  • Check training. Choose people who are properly trained and registered where possible.
  • Be cautious about big promises. Be wary of anything that claims to fix everything or tells you to avoid conventional care.
  • Look for evidence. Ask what research supports an approach and what the risks might be.

Bringing them together

Many people find that combining approaches works well for them: conventional treatment for a health condition, alongside practices like yoga, massage or meditation for relaxation and wellbeing. This is often called an integrative approach, and some hospitals and clinics now offer it.

How little is enough

If you use any complementary treatments or supplements, make a list and let your existing care know what you’re trying. Open conversation is the best foundation for safe, whole-person care.